1. Explain (in detail) how Watson's "Little Albert" study was conducted.
-Watson conducted a baby that was named, "Little Albert". He was shown a white and scary rat, they afterwards slammed two metal pipes at the back part of his head. Suddenly Little Albert was crying because the two metal pipes produced a loud and annoying noise. Watson continued to slamm the metal pipes to Little Albert everytime he was together with the white rat, But Little Albert always cried when he was together with the white rat. After this the fear generalized, this was a (stimulus generalization), because Little Albert is afraid of animals/people with white hair/beard, all this because the rat had white hair.
2. Identify the conditioned stimulus, the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned response from Watson's study.
-Conditioned Stimulus: White rat.
-Unconditioned Stimulus: The loud noise, of the slamming metal pipes.
-Conditioned Response: Little Albert Crying.
3. Explain at least two limitations of this study.
-One of the limitations was that Little Albert was hurt, while the two metal pipes slammed at the back of his head. Little Albert suffered from a animal fobia, becuase the white rat evoked him fear. It was heard that the mother of Little Albert didnt know about the way they were treating his baby.
4. Explain Watson's law of frequency.
-Law of frequency: is about, that the most often two things are connected with one another, the more powerful the association will be.
5. Explain Watson's law of recency.
-Law of recency: Is about the how was the reaction of the stimulus that had just occured.
6. Explain the basic assumptions of behaviorism according to Watson.
-Watson approved that psycology has nothing to do with the mind or the humans, but, with behaviors, This way people could be studied.
martes, 23 de noviembre de 2010
Ivan Pavlov and John B. Watson
1. What was Pavlov actually studying when he developed his theory of classical conditioning?
- Ivan was born in Russia. He started his higher education at the Ryazan Ecclesiastical Seminary, later on his years he dropped out of here and enrolled in the University of Saint Petersburg to study the natural sciences and became a physiologist.
2. Explain (in detail) how Pavlov's experiment was conducted.
- Pavlow experimented on animals and mostly on dogs. He had a couple of dogs which he has been testing on. He tested the dogs salivation each time the dog knew that the food was aproching the dog started to salivate more and more.
3. Identify the conditioned stimulus, the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned response from Pavlov's experiment.
- The neutral stimulus that would never alter the dog is known as condition stimulus.
4. Explain what extinction means in relation to classical conditioning.
- Extinction occurs when a conditioned response decrease or disappear. This happens when a conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with an unconditioned stimulus.
5. Explain what stimulus generalization means in relation to classical conditioning.
-when the tendency for the conditioned stimulus to suggest similar responds for the ones who have been conditioned, this is the stimulus generalization, in a classical condition.
6. Explain what sstimulus discrimination means in relation to classical conditioning.
- Discrimination is being able to differentiate between a conditioned stimulus and other stimuli that are similar to it.
7. Explain at least two limitations of this experiment.
- The limitations are that he did the experiment only with dogs and it required a surgical procedure.
8. Explain what Pavlov theorized about how we learn.
-Pavlov theory was that when a neutral stimulus is connected with a neutral, the neutral is learned by providing the natural stimulus that causes the responds of the neutral.
- Ivan was born in Russia. He started his higher education at the Ryazan Ecclesiastical Seminary, later on his years he dropped out of here and enrolled in the University of Saint Petersburg to study the natural sciences and became a physiologist.
2. Explain (in detail) how Pavlov's experiment was conducted.
- Pavlow experimented on animals and mostly on dogs. He had a couple of dogs which he has been testing on. He tested the dogs salivation each time the dog knew that the food was aproching the dog started to salivate more and more.
3. Identify the conditioned stimulus, the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned response from Pavlov's experiment.
- The neutral stimulus that would never alter the dog is known as condition stimulus.
4. Explain what extinction means in relation to classical conditioning.
- Extinction occurs when a conditioned response decrease or disappear. This happens when a conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with an unconditioned stimulus.
5. Explain what stimulus generalization means in relation to classical conditioning.
-when the tendency for the conditioned stimulus to suggest similar responds for the ones who have been conditioned, this is the stimulus generalization, in a classical condition.
6. Explain what sstimulus discrimination means in relation to classical conditioning.
- Discrimination is being able to differentiate between a conditioned stimulus and other stimuli that are similar to it.
7. Explain at least two limitations of this experiment.
- The limitations are that he did the experiment only with dogs and it required a surgical procedure.
8. Explain what Pavlov theorized about how we learn.
-Pavlov theory was that when a neutral stimulus is connected with a neutral, the neutral is learned by providing the natural stimulus that causes the responds of the neutral.
Sleeping Article 2
BEING A NIGHT OWL IN HIGH SCHOOL IS LINKED WITH A LOWER COLLEGE GPA:
During the highschool years of a teenager many of them have expirienced deterioration is sleeping hygiene. When we are in highschool we should sleep a lot, because the amount of work that we have to accomplish during the daytime is very heavy to just take out of the way without even taking good care of them. We should sleep a lot, because when we sleep during the day time we take the risks of getting a low GPA in school and in the future this will affect your possibilities of getting into a good college with high standards in requirments. We need to sleep alot before midnight.
________________________________________________________________________
Students who have a delayed start if 40 minutes demosntrated alot better concentration in school and mush less sleeping during day time.
Whe the human brain rests enough to act at its 100% of its energetic capacity, we obviosly tend to show better behavior resulots during the day, this making it that we dont sleep durinng the day time. After some analyzis and test, students demonstrated to show much better results at daytime activities, such as school and extracurricular activities in the after noon. It was raised at an 83% percent of our energetic capacity to move foward and it benefited humans in alot of different ways in the fields of study. It is recomended that highschool students get to sleep at least 9 hours for better capacity, and better envolvement during the day and also into the activities. In my opinion, people should take advantage of these stydies, and actually take them in consideration and do them, to be benefited by more time of sleep or sleep earlier it the school start is not delayed.
During the highschool years of a teenager many of them have expirienced deterioration is sleeping hygiene. When we are in highschool we should sleep a lot, because the amount of work that we have to accomplish during the daytime is very heavy to just take out of the way without even taking good care of them. We should sleep a lot, because when we sleep during the day time we take the risks of getting a low GPA in school and in the future this will affect your possibilities of getting into a good college with high standards in requirments. We need to sleep alot before midnight.
________________________________________________________________________
Students who have a delayed start if 40 minutes demosntrated alot better concentration in school and mush less sleeping during day time.
Whe the human brain rests enough to act at its 100% of its energetic capacity, we obviosly tend to show better behavior resulots during the day, this making it that we dont sleep durinng the day time. After some analyzis and test, students demonstrated to show much better results at daytime activities, such as school and extracurricular activities in the after noon. It was raised at an 83% percent of our energetic capacity to move foward and it benefited humans in alot of different ways in the fields of study. It is recomended that highschool students get to sleep at least 9 hours for better capacity, and better envolvement during the day and also into the activities. In my opinion, people should take advantage of these stydies, and actually take them in consideration and do them, to be benefited by more time of sleep or sleep earlier it the school start is not delayed.
lunes, 15 de noviembre de 2010
Under sleep deprivation is in your genes
This next study presented was performed by Antoine Viola, Derk-Jan Dijk, and colleagues at University of Surrey’s Sleep Research Center. The purpose of the study was to know if the two variants (short or long) of the gene PERIOD3 influenced in morning and evening activity levels. This can later be connected to the influences these genes might have on performance by unrested individuals. The results of the study were that during the early hours of the morning individuals with the longer variant performed poorly on tests for attention and working memory. Also, only those possessing the longer variant of the gene had 50% more deep sleep than the rest. I believe that these findings are very interesting and important to have fewer accidents during the night shift workers. With these results companies can choose their night shift workers correctly.
Suscribirse a:
Entradas (Atom)